Tourism Crisis Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tourism Crisis Management - Essay Example Many authors have attempted to give meaning to the word crisis or crisis management and consequently come up with synonymous terms to the crisis (e.g. Pender & Sharply, 2004; Faulkner, 2001; Prideaux et al., 2003; Pizam, 1999; Glaesser, 2003). Prominent examples, for instance, are a catastrophe, turning point, disaster, chaos, vulnerability, security. This diversity of terminologies considered, it is apparent that crisis definitional approach is a difficult undertaking. With reference to PATA (2003), a crisis is defined as â€Å"A circumstance that holds the potential to have a long-term effect, impinging on the confidence in a product or an organization, or rather a situation that may alter the ability of an organization or product in resuming normal operations.†Other authors provide vague sentiments on the term. For instance Ritchie et al. (2004: 202), who bluntly indicates that ‘a crisis is indefinite, unpredictable, unexpected and can be numerous’. On the othe r hand, some authors seem to be more diligent and particular in their semantics, Faulkner (2001: 136), for example, distinguishes both the terms crisis and disaster. He debates that a crisis refers to a circumstance ‘in which the root cause of the event is, to some degree, self-inflicted through problems such as inept management organizations and organizational culture or a failure to adapt to change’, while on the other hand, a disaster can be described as a situation ‘where an organization †¦ is encountered with abrupt unpredictable calamitous changes over which it has little or no control.’’ Main theories Many models conceptually have a basis assuming that a crisis goes through a number of consecutively occurring stages, in essence following a particular life cycle. However, in reality, crises and disasters more often than not occur suddenly, without warning and a target position can immediately enter the ‘emergency’ phase, by-pa ssing the ‘prodromal’ and ‘pre-event’ phase and require- in a rapid reaction. Indeed, the alarm caused by the dramatic imminence of such events may prompt inappropriate decision making and confusion(Pender & Sharply, 2004). Explicitly, various models propose that risk assessments should be undertaken. On the basis of the analysis of

Nelson Mandela and Mohandas Gandhi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nelson Mandela and Mohandas Gandhi - Essay Example There are a few differences and many similarities between Mohandas Gandhi and Nelson Mandela. The world recognizes the two leaders for their stern fights against colonialism and especially against racism. The world famously recognizes Nelson Mandela for his fight against black domination and white domination. In his trial in 1962, Nelson Mandela finished his defense speech with the claim that he is ready to die for a democratic society. However, even though Gandhi also fought against racism, he seemed to have been advancing the rights of his Indian community. For instance, Gandhi encouraged the Indians in South Africa to defy the ways of the Europeans. The two leaders used different ways in their fights against colonialism. However, the two received similar treatments from the colonialists. They were both jailed on various occasions despite the fact that Gandhi used more peaceful ways than those used by Mandela. For an instance, in 1960s Mandela and his compatriots in the young league of the Africa National Congress (ANC), formed a military wing of the ANG called Umkonto we Siswe. Despite their different ways of actions, the two leaders are world famous for their excellent contributions to the elimination of colonialism. However, the two leaders received two different treatments from their people. Unlike Mandela, who received respect until his death in 2013, Nathuram Godse killed Gandhi on January 30 of 1948 before he became a prime minister (DeLuca). In conclusion, the colonial period generated many leaders. Nelson Mandela and Mohandas Gandhi are two famous leaders of the colonial period. The two leaders used different methods to fight the colonialists.

Google Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Google - Assignment Example Google has grown to attract large numbers of users who access the internet daily. The company has been selling text based ads that incorporates search keywords. This has been one of their largest income earners over the past decade. (Google Incorporation, 2014). Larry and Brin obtained their first capital in form of a donation from Andy Bechtolsheim, A Partner at Sun Microsystems. Google has over the past years gained a large pool of capital. Selling its first shares in 2004 where 19,605,052 shares were sold at $85 per share. Google is now operating in different countries of the world and worked with many corporations such as NASA, AOL, and News Corp’s. Google has become part of the largest providers of social media platforms. In corporation with mobile companies, it created the Mobi. top level. This is an area for mobile internet that allows mobile users to access the internet through their phones for quick communication. Most of the scholars have come up with lots of work done on business strategy but most of them have not withstood the test of time. Many people are well familiar with Mintzberg and Water’s strategy of 1985. Mintzberg is one of the best strategic thinkers. In collaboration with James Waters they both developed a model that showed how strategy is developed and how it is ultimately delivered. In their model, strategy delivery is made up of two sides. The deliberate strategy which includes what the organization desires to do and the emergent strategy which indicates what happened during the process (Mintzberg, 2010). The model looks like this; Google incorporation has been one of the company’s in the world that is utilizing this model in connecting up with entrepreneurs and coming up with the latest inventories in the world of technology in order to meet their customers’ demands. Google being one the most important and the largest search engines in the world must ensure that combines with the

Value Creation through Mergers and Acquisitions in the Banking Thesis - 1

Value Creation through Mergers and Acquisitions in the Banking Industry-A Case Study of Five Mergers & Acquisitions in Banking Industry-- JP Morgan Merger with - Thesis Example The definitions of the aforesaid variables are given in the research methodology. In each case of these mergers the individual companies became integrated to form a mega giant company. Though we mention these as the examples of merger actually those are the examples of acquisition. But the fact is that none of these five is a case of hostile acquisition rather all of these can be termed as friendly acquisition. While merger took place the existing shareholder of the merging companies retain their own position regarding the share they hold and the position to which they belong. Regarding the positions of the shareholders of both of the companies in the pre contract and the post contract situation here the acquisition becomes synonymous to merger. Generally the merger and acquisition takes place for various reasons: some of the reasons are beneficial for the shareholders. In these cases the major objective of the merger of each partnership was to capture the market as much as possible. If the mergers become successful enough to generate profit the shareholders prem ium would raise and hence the price of share and equity would rise consequently. There are two major benefits that a shareholder may enjoy. I. if the amount of dividends rise then the shareholder is benefited as he gets higher return on the same amount of money. If the premium on the share rises then the shareholder is better off. II. If the price of the share rises due to the merger then the shareholder would enjoy a capital gain. That is also a benefit that is brought about by merger. But if we consider an increase in the part of undistributed profit due to merger then we can say that the merger is not beneficial for the shareholders. . For example when a profitable company merges with a loss making company, it use the loss as a tax writes off to offset the

What Lessons can be learned from the Global Financial Crisis of Assignment

What Lessons can be learned from the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-08, About the Effectiveness of the Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policy - Assignment Example The crisis has adversely affected the financial as well as economic stability of a large number of countries, imposing inevitable unfavourable impacts on the financial institutions, national governmental structures and stock market performances worldwide. It had also created a strong adverse effect on the business world, leading to gradually deepening fluctuations in the housing markets and increased unemployment rates in the majorly affected economies such as the US (as the epicentre of the crisis) and the European nations among the majors. It has been identified the most common cause for the crisis situation was associated with the low interest rate policy practiced by the Federal Reserve along with central banks (Grail Research, 2009). As assumed in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, such violations in the interests rates are likely to lead towards a severe instability in the housing markets, disposable income disbursements in the economy, credit demand, exchange rate fluctuations, stock market volatility and overall wealth generation obstructions (Bank of England, n.d.). Evidently, the crisis situation also exhibited fluctuations and instability in various other key determinant factors that are supposed to act as major components to economic development, which include subprime mortgages, ineffective regulatory policies and leveraging the banking sector as prima facie (Grail Research, 2009). In this crisis situation, the Federal Reserve and central banks of different countries were identified to focus on building their respective monetary policies on the basis of short-term interest rates, which can also be accounted as a major cause to have a strong influence on the aforementioned factors in the global money market (Lewis, 2010). As can be observed from the brief discussion presented above, the context of the recent global financial crisis 2007-08 represents a complex phenomenon of interest rate based monetary policy measures taken by countries in the post-modern era. To obtain a succinct understanding of the entire occurrence, this essay will base its discussion on the conceptual framework of transmission mechanism of monetary policy. In this regard, the sole aim of the essay will be to conclude on the effectiveness of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in addressing the lessons learned from the recent occurrence of the global financial crisis in 2007-08. The Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policies The transmission mechanism of monetary policies depicts that there are different procedures on the basis of which, interest rates in an economy can be identified and assessed to be affecting the economic conditions of a country as a whole (Refer to Appendix Figure 1). As per this theory, the decisions in relation to interest rate are seemed to influence other market interest rates, which include deposit rates of bank and mortgage rates to a significant level; thus, creating a significant effect on the economic st ability of the nation. The interest rate policies further affects the expectations along with confidence of the market investors, on the basis of which, these policies tends to influence the future development of an economy (Bolvin & et. al., 2010). Additionally, the interest rate policies influence exchange rates along with asset prices to a substantial extent. Changes in interest rates are further recognised to have an influence on the spending, investment as well as saving behaviour of the people and firms operating in an economy, playing the role of a major determinant of

The Supply Chain Management Case Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Supply Chain Management Case - Coursework Example Carrying these primary elements into consideration, it is most obviously profitable for the organization to use the outsourcing strategy since the [DVD] production on the two major companies situated outside the country is both competent in handling high-quality production at a reasonable price. The transportation cost payment system may also be negotiated with the chosen supplier to lower the cost of expenses in terms of shipment and transport of the product deliveries. 2. This case provided the data necessary to perform a cursory supplier financial analysis. In reality, cross-functional sourcing teams must often obtain this data during their assessment of potential suppliers. Discuss possible sources of supplier financial information. What may impact a purchasers ability to obtain supplier financial data? Through having a thorough conversation with the top executive personnel of the business entity being assessed, a carefully presented financial report of the company could be achieved. Through gaining such information, the company could then measure the stability of the company that they are assessing in the business. The willingness of the suppliers to get the deal done with the purchases of the products in regular terms shall indeed move them to give certain financial results from past annual records of the organization. By doing this, they are setting a connection of loyalty and trust between them and the purchaser. It is through this process that both parties could actually measure the kind of relationship that they could be sharing if they are to pursue with the contract signing to close the deal of supplier-purchaser connection between the two firms. A sourcing decision of the magnitude highlighted in this case requires a serious commitment of resources and time.   Do all sourcing decisions require similar commitments of time and effort?   If not, describe the types of sourcing decisions that justify this effort.   Describe the types of sourcing decisions that do not justify or require the level of effort and analysis required in this case.

SILK ROAD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SILK ROAD - Essay Example ccording to David Christian, the trans-ecological exchanges made possible by the Silk Road routes contributed greatly to the growth of trade within the Afro-Eurasian region, specifically, trade between the region’s agrarian communities, steppe pastoralists, and woodland foragers. The natural features of the Silk Road indicate that ecological factors have played a great role in intensifying trade along the Silk Road. For one, the Silk Roads cross the borders of desert areas or barren steppes inhabited by pastoralists. These kinds of ecological borders create the necessity for trade because the essential goods needed by the people living on very different environments are also different. In fact, given these ecological factors, it would be astonishing if trade did not flourish along the Silk Road. The products traded along the Silk Road routes prove how dynamic trade was in the Afro-Eurasian region. Many of the products traded came from the woodland or steppeland, whilst several of the products made by the agrarian communities were sold to the steppes. David Christian emphasises that the Silk Roads naturally are sea and land routes connecting east and west, particularly, connecting the agricultural communities of inner Asia and functioning as channels transporting products, ideas, religion, and even diseases. Moreover, Christian views Steppe Roads, which connect the Eurasian agricultural and grassland areas, as trade routes, stimulated by a natural commercial barter of goods from pastoral and agricultural regions. Trade products were perhaps bartered most intensely across the ecological boundary dividing agrarian and pastoral areas, although a number of products certainly crossed the steppes. The Silk Road linking China and the Middle East cultivated trade of agricultural products, specially made goods, ideas, and religious beliefs. But because of the dynamic evolution of civilisations in China, the Silk Road ceased to be merely a connecting link between